A1c, HEMOGLOBIN A1c
The A1c test is
used primarily to monitor the glucose control of diabetics over time. The goal
of those with diabetes is to
keep their blood glucose levels as close to normal as possible. This helps to
minimize the complications
caused by chronically elevated glucose levels, such as progressive damage to
body organs like the kidneys,
eyes, cardiovascular system, and nerves. The A1c test gives a picture of the
average amount of glucose
in the blood over the last few months. It can help a patient and his doctor
know if the measures they are taking to control the patient's diabetes are
successful or need to be adjusted.
Depending on the
type of diabetes that you have, how well your diabetes is controlled, and your
doctor, your A1c may be measured 2 to 4 times each year. The American DiabetesAssociation (ADA) recommends
testing your A1c 4 times each year if you have type 1 or type 2 diabetes and
use insulin; or 2 times each year if you have type 2 diabetes and do not use
insulin. When someone is first diagnosed with diabetes or if control is not
good, A1c may be ordered more frequently.
How it works
The A1c blood test
checks the average amount of glucose (sugar) in the blood over the last 2 to 3
months. It does this by measuring the concentration of glycosylated hemoglobin.
As glucose circulates in the blood, some of it binds to hemoglobin A. This is
the main form of hemoglobin in adults. Hemoglobin is a red protein that carries
oxygen in the red blood cells (RBC's). Once the glucose is bound to the
hemoglobin A, it remains there for the life of the red blood cell (about 120
days). This combination of glucose and hemoglobin A is called A1c (or
hemoglobin A1c or glycohemoglobin). Increased glucose in the blood, increases
the hemoglobin A1c. A1c levels do not change quickly but will shift as older
RBC's die and younger ones take their place.
NORMAL HEMOGLOBIN A1C VALUES
Non diabetic
adults: 2.2%-4.8%
Non diabetic
child: 1.8%-4.0%
Good diabetic
control: 2.5%-5.9%
Fair diabetic
control: 6%-8%
Poor diabetic control:
greater than 8%
**"Normal"
ranges for lab values and other tests may vary among different laboratories
and/or hospitals.
Your caregiver
will go over the test results with you and discuss the importance and meaning
of your results, as well
as treatment options and the need for additional tests if necessary.
This post is for
informational purposes only. If
you feel that you may have diabetes or need your hemoglobin A1C check, contact
your credentialed health care provider.